Regulating the Dual Role of Digital Platforms as Market Participants under Indonesian Competition Law
Keywords:
dual-role platforms, competition law, digital platforms, self-preferencing, market powerAbstract
The dual role of digital platforms as market organizers and business actors has raised competition concerns because platforms can control access, data, visibility, and competitive conditions within ecosystems in which they also compete. This study aimed to analyze the regulation of digital platforms’ dual role under Indonesian competition law, identify limitations in the legal approach, and formulate adaptive competition governance parameters. The study employed qualitative library research using a meta-ethnographic approach to seventy conceptually rich qualitative articles published between 2017 and 2025. The literature was systematically selected and analyzed through content and thematic analysis. The findings showed that a dual role was not inherently anticompetitive but created structural conflicts when control over market access, nonpublic data, recommendation systems, and product integration was converted into discriminatory capacity and competitive foreclosure risks. The study developed the Dual-Role Platform Competition Governance model, which positioned structural role conflict, discriminatory capacity, and competitive foreclosure risk as sequential regulatory assessment levels. This model contributed theoretically to competition law and provided a practical framework for proportionate, adaptive, risk-based oversight of digital platforms within the Indonesian legal context.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dede Ilham, Husyam Usman, Muhammad Yani, Derriansya Putra Jaya (Author)
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